Example output

These pages are example output from this project's comparison tools (write_dupe_reports_html.py, built on compare_two_papers.py's word-shingle matcher). Each one shows the text two publicly available documents have in common, rendered as a word-level diff. They were produced while developing and testing the pipeline, and are here so you can see what the tools produce on real documents.

A page shows measured text overlap. It does not establish why the overlap exists. Shared text has many legitimate explanations: the same authors publishing the same work twice, a preprint and its published version, a shared institutional template, properly licensed reuse, or a retrieval error. None of these pages is a finding of misconduct by any named person, and none has been adjudicated by anyone, except where a publisher has already acted publicly.

Open any page directly in a browser. Each is a self-contained HTML fragment with no external resources.

The pages use write_dupe_reports_html.py --neutral wording: a "Text-overlap comparison" heading, a two-way arrow between the documents rather than a directional one, and no verdict labels. That wording doesn't change the red/green diff or any figure.

General Index pairs reported

Pairs found by this project's scan of the General Index, checked against both articles' full text and reported to the journal concerned, are in general_index/, with their own index.

Pairs where the shared material is data

In most pairs the shared material is prose. In these five it also includes measured or surveyed data: counts, percentages and test statistics that two separate studies would not normally be expected to report identically.

Grouped by publisher

Pairs are grouped by where the two documents were published, taken from each DOI's registration record (Crossref, or DataCite for repository and preprint deposits). "Full copy" pages are in full_copies/ (at least 80% of one document's words shared) and "partial" pages in partial_overlap/.

Both documents: Zestera Publications (27 pairs)

Journals (10), with the number of articles on this site from each (one article comes from a pair listed under "Different publishers"):

case page overlap shared text (A / B) length in words (A / B)
CE-36 CE-36-a-novel-ensemble-deep-learning-approach-for-accurate-credit--vs-hybrid-ensemble-and-deep-learning-approach-for-improved-cred.html full copy 98% / 98% 4,715 / 4,708
CE-37 37-140649-140665-o-insight-system-a-multi-agent-ai-platform-for-automated-iee-vs-oretes-insight-system-a-multi-agent-ai-platform-for-automate.html full copy 98% / 96% 5,657 / 5,738
CE-37 37-140649-140684-o-insight-system-a-multi-agent-ai-platform-for-automated-iee-vs-oretes-insight-system-a-multi-agent-ai-platform-for-automate.html full copy 96% / 96% 5,657 / 5,691
CE-37 37-140649-140684-per-run-o-insight-system-a-multi-agent-ai-platform-for-automated-iee-vs-oretes-insight-system-a-multi-agent-ai-platform-for-automate.html (per-passage view) full copy 96% / 96% 5,657 / 5,691
CE-38 38-140562-140693-design-and-implementation-of-an-ai-based-vulnerability-manag-vs-ai-powered-regulatory-compliance-checker-for-contracts.html full copy 83% / 82% 4,480 / 4,498
CE-38 38-140564-140604-study-planner-app-vs-ai-study-habit-analyzer.html full copy 98% / 98% 4,036 / 4,024
CE-38 38-140581-140679-agrisahayak-ai-based-smart-agriculture-management-dashboard--vs-agrisahayak-ai-based-digital-agriculture-assistant.html full copy 98% / 98% 3,656 / 3,672
CE-38 38-140601-140657-debeats-full-stack-food-delivery-application-vs-busbee-real-time-school-bus-monitoring-system.html full copy 89% / 85% 4,360 / 4,563
LEAD-15c LEAD-15c-a-modern-learning-management-system-for-smart-vs-a-modern-web-based-e-learning-platform-for-online-education.html full copy 96% / 98% 1,797 / 1,768
LEAD-15c LEAD-15c-per-run-a-modern-learning-management-system-for-smart-vs-a-modern-web-based-e-learning-platform-for-online-education.html (per-passage view) full copy 96% / 98% 1,797 / 1,768
CE-34 34-advanced-agricultural-decision-system-using-recurrent-polyno-vs-advanced-agricultural-decision-system-using-recurrent-polyno.html partial 63% / 58% 3,037 / 3,323
CE-34 34b-140288-140417-a-data-driven-sound-analysis-approach-for-detecting-mechanic-vs-transformer-driven-wavlm-audio-modelling-for-robust-predicti.html partial 58% / 49% 3,236 / 3,837
CE-35 CE-35-advanced-ai-facing-voting-system-vs-advanced-ai-facing-voting-system.html partial 77% / 61% 2,992 / 3,749
CE-38 38-140555-140566-ai-doctor-voice-amp-vision-vs-realestate-houseprice-prediction.html partial 66% / 64% 3,654 / 3,784
CE-38 38-140555-140566-per-run-ai-doctor-voice-amp-vision-vs-realestate-houseprice-prediction.html (per-passage view) partial 66% / 64% 3,654 / 3,784
CE-38 38-140567-140578-per-run-student-study-portal-vs-automated-examination-seating-arrangement-and-hall-allocatio.html (per-passage view) partial 70% / 76% 3,087 / 2,903
CE-38 38-140567-140578-student-study-portal-vs-automated-examination-seating-arrangement-and-hall-allocatio.html partial 70% / 76% 3,087 / 2,903
CE-38 38-140602-140673-design-and-implementation-of-smart-mart-an-ai-powered-e-comm-vs-design-and-implementation-of-home-deal-a-web-based-house-ren.html partial 47% / 43% 4,692 / 4,888
CE-38 38-140602-140673-per-run-design-and-implementation-of-smart-mart-an-ai-powered-e-comm-vs-design-and-implementation-of-home-deal-a-web-based-house-ren.html (per-passage view) partial 47% / 43% 4,692 / 4,888
CE-38 38-140606-140637-hospital-managemnet-system-vs-the-women-safety-tracker-app.html full copy 80% / 80% 4,049 / 4,071
CE-38 38-140618-140657-per-run-smart-inventory-and-product-management-system-vs-busbee-real-time-school-bus-monitoring-system.html (per-passage view) partial 32% / 37% 5,185 / 4,563
CE-38 38-140618-140657-smart-inventory-and-product-management-system-vs-busbee-real-time-school-bus-monitoring-system.html partial 32% / 37% 5,185 / 4,563
CE-38 38-140627-140693-design-and-implementation-of-an-ai-based-vulnerability-manag-vs-ai-powered-regulatory-compliance-checker-for-contracts.html full copy 84% / 82% 4,436 / 4,498
LEAD-12 LEAD-12-140295-140440-unsupervised-deep-characterization-of-machine-behavior-throu-vs-leveraging-transformed-based-speech-representation-for-indus.html partial 74% / 74% 3,723 / 3,724
LEAD-12 LEAD-12-140317-140463-intelligent-context-fusion-for-early-anomaly-detection-in-io-vs-detecting-anomalous-patterns-in-iot-healthcare-systems-throu.html partial 70% / 59% 2,522 / 2,977
LEAD-12 LEAD-12-140318-140420-svetnet-a-deep-feature-integrated-hybrid-framework-for-hiera-vs-tri-category-medicinal-plant-classification-using-fine-grain.html partial 72% / 62% 3,988 / 4,643
LEAD-12 LEAD-12-140306-140451-deit-based-feature-extraction-with-ensemble-machine-learning-vs-a-dual-model-interpretable-pipeline-for-multi-class-bone-fra.html partial 71% / 56% 2,894 / 3,687
LEAD-12 LEAD-12-140338-140444-synaptiq-a-hybrid-neuro-analytical-framework-for-multidimens-vs-automated-multiclass-eeg-signal-classification-for-early-dia.html partial 64% / 67% 2,480 / 2,427
LEAD-12 LEAD-12-140202-140330-a-scalable-ai-driven-framework-for-cybersecurity-training-si-vs-next-gen-ai-cybersecurity-simulator-with-real-time-network-i.html partial 62% / 61% 2,374 / 2,405
LEAD-12 LEAD-12-140454-140741-structured-representation-learning-of-multi-class-gait-dynam-vs-adaptive-latent-motion-intelligence-for-multi-gait-behaviora.html partial 60% / 54% 3,295 / 3,714
LEAD-12 LEAD-12-140414-140429-a-next-generation-iot-driven-robotic-rescue-paradigm-for-bor-vs-torquemax-rs-an-iot-synchronized-deep-shaft-robotic-extracti.html partial 60% / 62% 2,796 / 2,708
LEAD-12 LEAD-12-140259-140318-svetnet-a-novel-explainable-deep-learning-approach-for-medic-vs-svetnet-a-deep-feature-integrated-hybrid-framework-for-hiera.html partial 21% / 18% 3,424 / 3,988
LEAD-12 LEAD-12-140294-140468-multi-feature-wavelet-based-network-intrusion-detection-usin-vs-scalable-ai-framework-for-real-time-anomaly-detection-and-au.html partial 50% / 42% 2,704 / 3,169

Both documents: ScienceTech Xplore (16 pairs)

Journals (5), with the number of articles on this site from each (one article comes from a pair listed under "Different publishers"):

case page overlap shared text (A / B) length in words (A / B)
CE-01 CE-01-emerging-non-volatile-memory-technologies-and-their-impact-o-vs-emerging-non-volatile-memory-technologies-and-their-impacton.html full copy 98% / 98% 6,082 / 6,077
CE-07 CE-07-advanced-deep-learning-architectures-for-scalable-and-explai-vs-advanced-deep-learning-architectures-for-scalable-and-explai.html full copy 97% / 98% 3,200 / 3,164
CE-09 CE-09-automated-program-synthesis-and-optimization-using-foundatio-vs-automated-program-synthesis-and-optimization-using-foundatio.html full copy 99% / 99% 5,093 / 5,076
CE-09 CE-09-per-run-automated-program-synthesis-and-optimization-using-foundatio-vs-automated-program-synthesis-and-optimization-using-foundatio.html (per-passage view) full copy 99% / 99% 5,093 / 5,076
CE-10 CE-10-multi-objective-federated-optimization-for-decentralized-ai--vs-multi-objective-federated-optimization-for-decentralized-ai-.html full copy 97% / 98% 5,626 / 5,615
CE-11 CE-11-event-driven-data-engineering-in-microservices-architectures-vs-event-driven-data-engineering-in-microservices-architectures.html full copy 97% / 97% 4,449 / 4,439
CE-12 CE-12-innovative-architectural-designs-for-next-generation-highper-vs-innovative-architectural-designs-for-next-generation-highper.html full copy 95% / 97% 5,249 / 5,110
CE-13 CE-13-hardware-software-co-design-for-performance-optimization-in--vs-hardware-software-co-design-for-performance-optimization-in-.html full copy 96% / 97% 3,662 / 3,630
CE-14 CE-14-design-patterns-for-scalable-microservices-in-banking-and-in-vs-design-patterns-for-scalable-microservices-in-banking-and-in.html full copy 96% / 97% 4,801 / 4,786
CE-15 CE-15-the-future-of-heterogeneous-computing-integrating-cpus-gpus--vs-the-future-of-heterogeneous-computing-integrating-cpus-gpus-.html full copy 98% / 98% 7,078 / 7,108
CE-16 CE-16-reinforcement-learning-in-dynamic-environments-challenges-an-vs-reinforcement-learning-in-dynamic-environments-challenges-an.html full copy 98% / 97% 6,599 / 6,696
CE-17 CE-17-blockchain-enabled-secure-data-management-in-cloud-based-hig-vs-blockchain-enabled-secure-data-management-in-cloudbased-high.html full copy 98% / 97% 6,604 / 6,642
CE-18 CE-18-iot-and-big-data-ecosystems-a-comprehensive-review-of-techno-vs-iot-and-big-data-ecosystems-a-comprehensive-review-of-techno.html full copy 98% / 98% 6,710 / 6,701
CE-19 CE-19-ai-driven-insights-for-risk-management-in-banking-leveraging-vs-ai-driven-insights-for-risk-management-in-banking-leveraging.html full copy 97% / 98% 4,894 / 4,861
CE-32 CE-32-the-role-of-explainable-ai-in-enhancing-data-driven-decision-vs-the-role-of-explainable-ai-in-enhancing-data-driven-decision.html full copy 98% / 98% 5,956 / 6,005
LEAD-13a LEAD-13a-how-citizen-developers-changed-the-game-vs-agentic-ai-building-self-directed-software-agents-with-multi.html partial 6% / 6% 6,224 / 6,049
LEAD-13b LEAD-13b-ai-driven-cybersecurity-a-reinforcement-learningbased-approa-vs-an-efficient-transformer-based-model-for-automated-code-gene.html partial 6% / 6% 5,550 / 5,980

Both documents: Springer (2 pairs)

case page overlap shared text (A / B) length in words (A / B)
CE-X5 CE-X5-an-extension-of-the-mixed-integer-part-of-a-nonlinear-form-vs-the-integer-part-of-a-nonlinear-form-with-integer-variables-74-shingle-matches.html partial 47% / 40% 2,195 / 2,643
LEAD-01 LEAD-01-error-analysis-for-l-q-l-q-coefficient-regularized-moving-le-vs-minimal-thinness-with-respect-to-the-schr-dinger-operator-an.html partial 6% / 9% 4,217 / 2,885

Both documents: IAEME Publication (4 pairs)

Journals (8), with the number of articles on this site from each (one article comes from a pair listed under "Different publishers"):

case page overlap shared text (A / B) length in words (A / B)
CE-03 CE-03-ai-based-cloud-governance-for-multi-cloud-compliance-managem-vs-ai-driven-governance-for-multi-cloud-compliance-an-automated.html full copy 88% / 86% 4,146 / 4,235
CE-21 CE-21-feature-selection-and-deep-learning-model-for-air-quality-pr-vs-feature-selection-and-deep-learning-model-for-air-quality-pr.html full copy 95% / 96% 2,657 / 2,622
CE-21 CE-21-per-run-feature-selection-and-deep-learning-model-for-air-quality-pr-vs-feature-selection-and-deep-learning-model-for-air-quality-pr.html (per-passage view) full copy 95% / 96% 2,657 / 2,622
CE-02 CE-02-proactive-vulnerability-management-in-cloud-clusters-through-vs-threat-intelligence-enhanced-by-ai-for-self-sustained-vulner.html partial 74% / 73% 2,534 / 2,549
CE-N02 CE-N02-electric-vehicle-ownership-in-kerala-insights-on-brand-choic-vs-electric-vehicles-in-india-bridging-the-gap-between-expectat-22-shingle-matches.html partial 14% / 14% 4,613 / 4,539

Both documents: Technoscience Academy (5 pairs)

Journals (3), with the number of articles on this site from each (one article comes from a pair listed under "Different publishers"):

case page overlap shared text (A / B) length in words (A / B)
LEAD-11 LEAD-11-139195-139329-anticipated-security-model-for-session-transfer-and-services-vs-probable-defense-representation-for-session-transfer-and-net.html full copy 90% / 84% 2,214 / 2,403
LEAD-11 LEAD-11-139138-139532-enhanced-classification-of-incomplete-pattern-using-fuzzy-sy-vs-enhanced-classification-of-incomplete-pattern-using-hierarch.html full copy 56% / 92% 3,190 / 1,933
LEAD-11 LEAD-11-139756-139842-sentiment-analysis-for-product-recommendation-system-using-h-vs-sentiment-analysis-for-product-recommendation-system-using-e.html partial 49% / 20% 1,417 / 3,415
LEAD-11 LEAD-11-139583-139884-img-shelter-privacy-protection-of-images-in-online-social-ne-vs-medical-image-privacy-using-watermarking-techniques.html partial 10% / 9% 5,496 / 6,358
LEAD-11 LEAD-11-139373-139604-storage-and-security-preservation-using-cloud-based-intellig-vs-storage-preservation-using-big-data-based-intelligent-compre.html partial 19% / 19% 3,789 / 3,801

Both documents: the same other publisher (9 pairs)

case page overlap publisher shared text (A / B) length in words (A / B)
AN-03 AN-03-a-study-of-factors-affecting-low-birth-weight-in-a-tertiary--vs-a-study-of-factors-affecting-low-birth-weight-in-a-tertiary-.html full copy International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 92% / 93% 2,581 / 2,504
AN-03 AN-03-per-run-a-study-of-factors-affecting-low-birth-weight-in-a-tertiary--vs-a-study-of-factors-affecting-low-birth-weight-in-a-tertiary-.html (per-passage view) full copy International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 92% / 93% 2,581 / 2,504
AN-04 AN-04-cross-cultural-competence-in-teaching-english-vs-cross-cultural-competence-in-teaching-english.html full copy Zenodo 93% / 96% 1,205 / 1,163
CE-30 CE-30-ai-in-healthcare-transforming-patient-care-through-predictiv-vs-ai-in-healthcare-revolutionizing-patient-care-with-predictiv.html full copy Open Knowledge 83% / 67% 1,447 / 1,808
CE-30 CE-30-per-run-ai-in-healthcare-transforming-patient-care-through-predictiv-vs-ai-in-healthcare-revolutionizing-patient-care-with-predictiv.html (per-passage view) full copy Open Knowledge 83% / 67% 1,447 / 1,808
LEAD-05 LEAD-05-the-impact-of-social-class-on-language-use-in-multilingual-c-vs-the-impact-of-social-class-on-language-use-in-multilingual-c.html full copy ISRG Publishers 68% / 91% 3,136 / 2,329
LEAD-05 LEAD-05-per-run-the-impact-of-social-class-on-language-use-in-multilingual-c-vs-the-impact-of-social-class-on-language-use-in-multilingual-c.html (per-passage view) full copy ISRG Publishers 68% / 91% 3,136 / 2,329
LEAD-06 LEAD-06-artificial-intelligence-and-the-future-of-human-rights-legal-vs-lt-b-gt-artificial-intelligence-and-algorithmic-accountabili.html full copy International Research Institute Pakistan 97% / 94% 8,758 / 9,037
LEAD-06 LEAD-06-per-run-artificial-intelligence-and-the-future-of-human-rights-legal-vs-lt-b-gt-artificial-intelligence-and-algorithmic-accountabili.html (per-passage view) full copy International Research Institute Pakistan 97% / 94% 8,758 / 9,037
LEAD-08 LEAD-08-the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-business-amp-social-vs-unveiling-the-potential-of-ai-impacts-on-industries-and-ethi.html full copy Green Publication 83% / 77% 4,389 / 4,756
LEAD-17 LEAD-17-surgical-management-of-intercondylar-fracture-of-distal-hume-vs-surgical-management-of-distal-humeral-fractures-in-adults.html partial AkiNik Publications 59% / 58% 1,915 / 2,060
LEAD-15d LEAD-15d-the-role-of-ai-in-cybersecurity-addressing-threats-in-the-di-vs-ai-for-sustainable-development-addressing-environmental-and-.html partial Open Knowledge 9% / 10% 3,072 / 2,755
LEAD-15g LEAD-15g-adaptive-and-context-aware-authentication-framework-using-ed-vs-a-novel-authentication-systems-in-vehicular-communication-ch.html partial Smart Technologies Academic Press 21% / 21% 2,970 / 2,992

Different publishers (27 pairs)

case page overlap publishers (A / B) shared text (A / B) length in words (A / B)
CE-05 CE-05-designing-interpretable-ml-system-to-enhance-trust-in-health-vs-interpretable-machine-learning-in-healthcare-a-systematic-re.html full copy arXiv / IAEME Publication 70% / 88% 22,792 / 17,998
CE-05 CE-05-per-run-designing-interpretable-ml-system-to-enhance-trust-in-health-vs-interpretable-machine-learning-in-healthcare-a-systematic-re.html (per-passage view) full copy arXiv / IAEME Publication 70% / 88% 22,792 / 17,998
CE-N09 CE-N09-sustainable-and-responsible-artificial-intelligence-implemen-vs-ethical-and-regenerative-ai-adoption-across-health-systems.html full copy International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology / European Data Science Journal 97% / 84% 6,516 / 7,512
CE-N13 CE-N13-cybersecurity-awareness-on-cybercrime-among-the-youth-in-gau-vs-cybersecurity-awareness-on-cybercrime-among-the-youth-in-ind.html full copy Multidisciplinary Center / Continuing Professional Development Events New Mumbai 79% / 87% 4,450 / 4,026
CE-N13 CE-N13-per-run-cybersecurity-awareness-on-cybercrime-among-the-youth-in-gau-vs-cybersecurity-awareness-on-cybercrime-among-the-youth-in-ind.html (per-passage view) full copy Multidisciplinary Center / Continuing Professional Development Events New Mumbai 79% / 87% 4,450 / 4,026
CE-X1 CE-X1-autonomous-systems-challenges-and-opportunities-vs-autonomous-systems-challenges-and-opportunities.html full copy EWA Publishing / GSC Online Press 82% / 91% 1,384 / 1,245
AN-01 AN-01-fatherhood-fathering-resettlement-and-integration-a-study-of-vs-being-a-father-in-my-new-society-a-phenomenological-study-of.html partial Queensland University of Technology / McGill University 7% / 10% 73,347 / 49,760
CE-04 CE-04-teachers-perspectives-on-artificial-intelligence-in-educatio-vs-balancing-innovation-and-ethics-educators-perspectives-on-th-48-shingle-matches.html partial Syncsci Publishing Pte., Ltd. / The USA Journals 19% / 24% 4,768 / 3,883
CE-06 CE-06-religious-diversity-in-the-digital-economy-interfaith-legal--vs-religious-diversity-and-the-digital-economy-legal-academic-p.html partial Universitas Negeri Semarang / International Research Institute Pakistan 52% / 61% 12,208 / 11,067
CE-29 CE-29-smart-contracts-and-machine-learning-exploring-blockchain-an-vs-exploring-smart-contracts-and-artificial-intelligence-in-fin.html partial Indian Society for Education and Environment / Science Research Society 34% / 38% 6,057 / 5,387
CE-31 CE-31-ai-liability-and-accountability-a-review-of-emerging-legal-f-vs-legal-frameworks-for-ai-service-business-participants-a-comp-15-shingle-matches.html partial International Journal of Science and Research / Springer 15% / 4% 2,877 / 9,547
CE-33 CE-33-ai-driven-energy-optimisation-for-enterprise-integration-pla-vs-ai-driven-energy-optimisation-for-enterprise-integration-pla.html partial ScienceTech Xplore / Technoscience Academy 60% / 78% 2,494 / 1,913
CE-N05 CE-N05-radiological-and-functional-outcome-of-medial-epicondyle-fra-vs-clinical-results-of-surgically-treated-medial-humeral-epicon-65-shingle-matches.html partial Lumbini Medical College / Springer 51% / 52% 2,895 / 2,843
CE-N14 CE-N14-vigilante-groups-and-policing-in-a-democratizing-nigeria-nav-vs-vigilantism-and-policing-in-akwa-ibom-state-of-nigeria-1987--55-shingle-matches.html partial Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul / Bluemark Publishers 36% / 34% 6,743 / 7,069
CE-X2 CE-X2-effective-strategies-for-mitigating-bias-in-hiring-algorithm-vs-a-machine-learning-approach-to-recognize-bias-and-discrimina-22-shingle-matches.html partial Springer / United Research Forum 21% / 19% 5,243 / 5,706
CE-X3 CE-X3-internet-of-things-iot-based-smart-environment-integrating-v-vs-internet-of-things-iot-based-smart-environment-integrating-v-28-shingle-matches.html partial Foundation of Computer Science / South Asia Management Association 15% / 24% 3,734 / 2,428
LEAD-03 LEAD-03-risk-assessment-tools-in-criminal-justice-and-forensic-psych-vs-artificial-intelligence-in-the-court-justice-system.html partial Cambridge University Press / University of Niš 16% / 9% 2,887 / 4,898
LEAD-04 LEAD-04-operationalizing-generative-ai-in-software-product-managemen-vs-empowering-business-transformation-the-positive-impact-and-e.html partial arXiv / Open Engineering Inc (engrXiv) 41% / 66% 8,726 / 5,281
LEAD-15 LEAD-15-from-google-gemini-to-openai-q-q-star-a-survey-of-reshaping--vs-from-bard-to-gemini-an-investigative-exploration-journey-thr.html partial arXiv / Academic Publishing Pte. Ltd. 2% / 5% 17,167 / 7,328
LEAD-18 LEAD-18-is-a-drain-tip-culture-required-after-spinal-surgery-vs-drain-tip-culture-would-it-help-us-predict-and-prevent-surgi.html partial Wolters Kluwer Health / International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16% / 17% 2,045 / 2,004
LEAD-07 LEAD-07-exploring-ethical-considerations-in-ai-driven-autonomous-veh-vs-finding-differences-in-perspectives-between-designers-and-en.html partial Open Knowledge / Luleå University of Technology 8% / 3% 4,714 / 14,146
LEAD-09 LEAD-09-guidelines-for-securing-radio-frequency-identification-rfid--vs-multi-agent-rfid-process-in-project-chain-management.html partial National Institute of Standards and Technology / Science Arena Publications 2% / 32% 54,640 / 3,130
LEAD-10 LEAD-10-review-of-mathematical-frameworks-for-fairness-in-machine-le-vs-fairness-metrics-a-comparative-analysis.html partial arXiv / IEEE 4% / 8% 12,891 / 6,115
LEAD-15a LEAD-15a-a-study-of-cyber-security-challenges-and-its-emerging-trends-vs-a-review-on-cybersecurity-issues-and-emerging-trends-in-mode.html partial arXiv / Zenodo 14% / 17% 2,724 / 2,166
LEAD-15b LEAD-15b-enabling-identity-based-integrity-auditing-and-data-sharing--vs-improving-security-in-cloud-storage-auditing-by-identity-hid.html partial IEEE / Zestera Publications 8% / 29% 11,514 / 2,825
LEAD-15e LEAD-15e-explainable-ai-for-cloud-based-machine-learning-interpretabl-vs-transparency-and-interpretability-in-cloudbased-machine-lear.html partial Science Research Society / Ess & Ess Research Publications 7% / 9% 3,953 / 3,192
LEAD-15f LEAD-15f-the-role-of-artificial-intelligence-in-advancing-public-serv-vs-the-impact-of-artificial-governance-on-indian-public-adminis.html partial Goacademica Research and Publishing / Zenodo 7% / 21% 6,457 / 2,047
LEAD-20 LEAD-20-attendance-management-system-using-facial-recognition-vs-attendance-management-system-based-on-facial-recognition.html partial Zain Publications / International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 4% / 3% 2,827 / 2,739
LEAD-19 LEAD-19-an-enhanced-multi-layered-cryptosystem-based-secure-and-auth-vs-secure-auditing-and-deduplicating-data-in-cloud-published-ab.html partial IEEE / AI Publications 92% / 12% 173 / 1,613

LEAD-07: the second document is a master's thesis from Luleå University of Technology with no DOI; its publisher is taken from the thesis itself. LEAD-09: Crossref lists the second document's DOI (10.51847/4hrmacreqz) as deleted, so its title, year and authors on the page are taken from the PDF: "Multi Agent Rfid Process In Project Chain Management", Specialty Journal of Psychology and Management (Science Arena Publications), 2015.

LEAD-20: the second document rewords the first sentence by sentence rather than repeating it, so the standard 10-word measurement finds little (4% / 3%). Its page is rendered with 5-word matches and a wider substitution allowance (the footer names the settings) so the reworded passages are visible.

LEAD-19: the first document is the published abstract of an IEEE Transactions on Computers paper (Li, Li, Xie and Cai, Secure Auditing and Deduplicating Data in Cloud) whose full text is not openly available, so the "A" figure is the share of that 173-word abstract, not of the whole paper. The second document repeats nearly all of it.