Text-overlap comparison
2 candidate passages (embedding cosine similarity 0.99–1.00) identified this pair for review. The exhibits below are exact word-shingle matches instead — a multi-word verbatim run is the more convincing evidence of shared text than embedding similarity, with the matched span highlighted.
PAPER A
PAPER B
EARLIER¶14-19
all of which contribute to a positive user experience. A recent survey by Consumer Reports (2023) found that 85% of EV owners expressed satisfaction with their vehicle’s performance, underlining the growing acceptance and enthusiasm surrounding this technology. Historically, the concept of electric mobility dates to the early 19th century, but it is only in the last two decades—spurred by innovations in battery technology and increasing environmental awareness—that EVs have gained mainstream traction. In India, the EV movement gained momentum with the launch of the Reva electric car in 2001, marking a significant milestone in the country’s shift toward clean mobility. Kerala has emerged as a frontrunner in EV adoption. The state’s proactive policy initiatives, infrastructure development, and consumer awareness have contributed to rising satisfaction levels among EV users. Cities like Thiruvananthapuram are seeing accelerated Electric Vehicle Ownership in Kerala: Insights on Brand Choice, Costs, Usage, and User Challenges https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 11 editor@iaeme.com
LATER¶20-24
underline the growing acceptance and enthusiasm for EVs, especially as technology continues to advance. Historically, electric mobility dates back to the early 19th century, but the past two decades have seen its resurgence, spurred by significant improvements in battery technology, governmental policy support, and rising environmental consciousness. In the Indian context, electric mobility gained momentum with the launch of the Reva electric car in 2001, which marked a turning point in the nation's shift toward greener transport alternatives. Kerala, one of India's most progressive states, has emerged as a frontrunner in EV adoption. The state government has introduced proactive policies such as subsidies for EV purchases, incentives for manufacturers, and plans to expand charging infrastructure across major cities. Cities like Thiruvananthapuram and Kochi have witnessed increased EV registrations due to improved
EARLIER¶64-69
design, performance, and reliability. Satisfied customers drive word-of-mouth promotion, enhancing brand trust and market growth. The insights from this study can guide companies in aligning their offerings with consumer needs and support policymakers in framing effective incentives and infrastructure development. Ultimately, the study contributes to promoting EV adoption, reducing emissions, and supporting India’s environmental and sustainable transportation goals. 5. Objectives of the Study The specific objectives of the study are: 1. To evaluate the brand preference of EV customers. 2. To assess customer features based on their years of ownership, cost and use of EVs. 3. To evaluate the problems and challenges regarding owning and maintaining EVs. 4. To make actionable recommendations based on the finding of the study. 6. Scope of the Study This study focuses on the key factors influencing customer satisfaction with electric vehicles (EVs) in India. It examines aspects such as vehicle performance, charging infrastructure, cost of ownership, environmental benefits, and technological advancements. The
LATER¶59-64
significantly affect ownership satisfaction and influence purchasing decisions. This study aims to assess the perceptions and satisfaction levels of EV users, while also evaluating the key problems and challenges associated with owning and maintaining electric vehicles. By identifying the factors that enhance or hinder the EV ownership experience, the research seeks to provide valuable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and stakeholders to improve customer experience and support wider EV adoption. 5. Objectives of the Study The specific objectives of the study are: 1. To assess customer perception and level of satisfaction of EV users. Electric Vehicles in India: Bridging the Gap Between Expectations and Experience https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 66 editor@iaeme.com 2. To evaluate the problems and challenges regarding owning and maintaining EVs. 6. Significance of the Study This study is significant as it explores customer satisfaction in the emerging electric vehicle (EV) market in India, a key factor influencing adoption. Understanding customer
EARLIER¶65-69
aligning their offerings with consumer needs and support policymakers in framing effective incentives and infrastructure development. Ultimately, the study contributes to promoting EV adoption, reducing emissions, and supporting India’s environmental and sustainable transportation goals. 5. Objectives of the Study The specific objectives of the study are: 1. To evaluate the brand preference of EV customers. 2. To assess customer features based on their years of ownership, cost and use of EVs. 3. To evaluate the problems and challenges regarding owning and maintaining EVs. 4. To make actionable recommendations based on the finding of the study. 6. Scope of the Study This study focuses on the key factors influencing customer satisfaction with electric vehicles (EVs) in India. It examines aspects such as vehicle performance, charging infrastructure, cost of ownership, environmental benefits, and technological advancements. The
LATER¶61-65
to provide valuable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and stakeholders to improve customer experience and support wider EV adoption. 5. Objectives of the Study The specific objectives of the study are: 1. To assess customer perception and level of satisfaction of EV users. Electric Vehicles in India: Bridging the Gap Between Expectations and Experience https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 66 editor@iaeme.com 2. To evaluate the problems and challenges regarding owning and maintaining EVs. 6. Significance of the Study This study is significant as it explores customer satisfaction in the emerging electric vehicle (EV) market in India, a key factor influencing adoption. Understanding customer experiences and expectations can help manufacturers improve EV design, performance, and reliability. Satisfied customers drive word-of-mouth promotion, enhancing brand trust and
EARLIER¶60-64
traditional vehicles, EV buyers often report lower satisfaction levels. This study aims to explore and analyse the key factors influencing customer satisfaction with EVs and identify the primary Suresh Kumar K, Vinod G https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 14 editor@iaeme.com drivers and barriers. The insights gained will help improve customer satisfaction and promote broader acceptance of electric mobility. 4. Importance of the Study This study is significant as it explores key problems faced by the consumers in the emerging electric vehicle (EV) market in India, a key factor influencing adoption. Understanding customer experiences and expectations can help manufacturers improve EV design, performance, and reliability. Satisfied customers drive word-of-mouth promotion, enhancing brand trust and market growth. The insights from this study can guide companies in
LATER¶61-66
to provide valuable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and stakeholders to improve customer experience and support wider EV adoption. 5. Objectives of the Study The specific objectives of the study are: 1. To assess customer perception and level of satisfaction of EV users. Electric Vehicles in India: Bridging the Gap Between Expectations and Experience https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 66 editor@iaeme.com 2. To evaluate the problems and challenges regarding owning and maintaining EVs. 6. Significance of the Study This study is significant as it explores customer satisfaction in the emerging electric vehicle (EV) market in India, a key factor influencing adoption. Understanding customer experiences and expectations can help manufacturers improve EV design, performance, and reliability. Satisfied customers drive word-of-mouth promotion, enhancing brand trust and market growth. The insights from this study can guide companies in aligning their offerings with consumer needs and support policymakers in framing effective incentives and
EARLIER¶60-68
traditional vehicles, EV buyers often report lower satisfaction levels. This study aims to explore and analyse the key factors influencing customer satisfaction with EVs and identify the primary Suresh Kumar K, Vinod G https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 14 editor@iaeme.com drivers and barriers. The insights gained will help improve customer satisfaction and promote broader acceptance of electric mobility. 4. Importance of the Study This study is significant as it explores key problems faced by the consumers in the emerging electric vehicle (EV) market in India, a key factor influencing adoption. Understanding customer experiences and expectations can help manufacturers improve EV design, performance, and reliability. Satisfied customers drive word-of-mouth promotion, enhancing brand trust and market growth. The insights from this study can guide companies in aligning their offerings with consumer needs and support policymakers in framing effective incentives and infrastructure development. Ultimately, the study contributes to promoting EV adoption, reducing emissions, and supporting India’s environmental and sustainable transportation goals. 5. Objectives of the Study The specific objectives of the study are: 1. To evaluate the brand preference of EV customers. 2. To assess customer features based on their years of ownership, cost and use of EVs. 3. To evaluate the problems and challenges regarding owning and maintaining EVs. 4. To make actionable recommendations based on the finding of the study. 6. Scope of the Study This study focuses on the key factors influencing customer satisfaction with electric
LATER¶62-69
The specific objectives of the study are: 1. To assess customer perception and level of satisfaction of EV users. Electric Vehicles in India: Bridging the Gap Between Expectations and Experience https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 66 editor@iaeme.com 2. To evaluate the problems and challenges regarding owning and maintaining EVs. 6. Significance of the Study This study is significant as it explores customer satisfaction in the emerging electric vehicle (EV) market in India, a key factor influencing adoption. Understanding customer experiences and expectations can help manufacturers improve EV design, performance, and reliability. Satisfied customers drive word-of-mouth promotion, enhancing brand trust and market growth. The insights from this study can guide companies in aligning their offerings with consumer needs and support policymakers in framing effective incentives and infrastructure development. Ultimately, the study contributes to promoting EV adoption, reducing emissions, and supporting India’s environmental and sustainable transportation goals. 7. Methodology The present study is descriptive and analytical in nature, focusing on customer satisfaction among electric vehicle (EV) users in Kerala. The population comprises all EV users within the state, with a sample of 100 respondents selected specifically from the Thiruvananthapuram district. A convenience sampling method was employed to select
EARLIER¶71-79
management. While primarily cantered on user experiences and expectations, the study provides insights that can support manufacturers, policymakers, and stakeholders in improving EV offerings and promoting wider acceptance of eco-friendly transportation solutions. Electric Vehicle Ownership in Kerala: Insights on Brand Choice, Costs, Usage, and User Challenges https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 15 editor@iaeme.com 7. Methodology The present study is descriptive and analytical in nature, focusing on customer satisfaction among electric vehicle (EV) users in Kerala. The population comprises all EV users within the state, with a sample of 100 respondents selected specifically from the Thiruvananthapuram district. A convenience sampling method was employed to select participants. Both primary and secondary sources of data were utilized; primary data were collected directly from respondents through a well-structured questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from books, newspapers, and journals. For data analysis and inference, simple statistical tools such as percentages and averages were applied. 8. Data Analysis and Discussion 8.1. Sample Profile of Respondents Variable Classification Frequency Percentage Gender Male 42 42 Female 58 58 Age 18-25 64 64 26-35 14 14 36-45 12 12 46-55 10 10 Occupation Govt Employee 34 34 Pvt. Employee 42 42 Student 24 24 Monthly Income (IRS) Below 20,000 42 42 20,000-50,000 18 18 50,000-1,00,000 16 16 Above 1,00,000 24 24 Area of Residence Urban 46 46 Semi 30 30 Rural 24 24 Table 1 illustrates the gender-wise distribution of the respondents. Out of a total of 100 participants, 58% were female, while only 42% were male. This indicates a higher level of female participation in the study, suggesting either a greater interest in the topic among women or higher accessibility or willingness to respond to surveys related to electric vehicles (EVs).
LATER¶66-74
market growth. The insights from this study can guide companies in aligning their offerings with consumer needs and support policymakers in framing effective incentives and infrastructure development. Ultimately, the study contributes to promoting EV adoption, reducing emissions, and supporting India’s environmental and sustainable transportation goals. 7. Methodology The present study is descriptive and analytical in nature, focusing on customer satisfaction among electric vehicle (EV) users in Kerala. The population comprises all EV users within the state, with a sample of 100 respondents selected specifically from the Thiruvananthapuram district. A convenience sampling method was employed to select participants. Both primary and secondary sources of data were utilized; primary data were collected directly from respondents through a well-structured questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from books, newspapers, and journals. For data analysis and inference, simple statistical tools such as percentages and averages were applied. 8. Data Analysis and Discussion 8.1. Sample Profile of Respondents Variable Classification Frequency Percentage Gender Male 42 42 Female 58 58 Age 18-25 64 64 26-35 14 14 36-45 12 12 46-55 10 10 Occupation Govt Employee 34 34 Pvt. Employee 42 42 Student 24 24 Rani L, Sreedevi S R, Lekshmi P https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 67 editor@iaeme.com Monthly Income (IRS) Below 20,000 42 42 20,000-50,000 18 18 50,000-1,00,000 16 16 Above 1,00,000 24 24 Area of Residence Urban 46 46 Semi 30 30 Rural 24 24 Table 1 presents the demographic distribution of the 100 survey respondents. Females constituted 58%, indicating a higher level of female engagement, possibly due to increased
EARLIER¶75-80
district. A convenience sampling method was employed to select participants. Both primary and secondary sources of data were utilized; primary data were collected directly from respondents through a well-structured questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from books, newspapers, and journals. For data analysis and inference, simple statistical tools such as percentages and averages were applied. 8. Data Analysis and Discussion 8.1. Sample Profile of Respondents Variable Classification Frequency Percentage Gender Male 42 42 Female 58 58 Age 18-25 64 64 26-35 14 14 36-45 12 12 46-55 10 10 Occupation Govt Employee 34 34 Pvt. Employee 42 42 Student 24 24 Monthly Income (IRS) Below 20,000 42 42 20,000-50,000 18 18 50,000-1,00,000 16 16 Above 1,00,000 24 24 Area of Residence Urban 46 46 Semi 30 30 Rural 24 24 Table 1 illustrates the gender-wise distribution of the respondents. Out of a total of 100 participants, 58% were female, while only 42% were male. This indicates a higher level of female participation in the study, suggesting either a greater interest in the topic among women or higher accessibility or willingness to respond to surveys related to electric vehicles (EVs). This trend may offer insight into the growing influence of women in consumer decision-making in the automotive sector, traditionally dominated by male consumers. Table 1 presents the age-
LATER¶71-76
data were obtained from books, newspapers, and journals. For data analysis and inference, simple statistical tools such as percentages and averages were applied. 8. Data Analysis and Discussion 8.1. Sample Profile of Respondents Variable Classification Frequency Percentage Gender Male 42 42 Female 58 58 Age 18-25 64 64 26-35 14 14 36-45 12 12 46-55 10 10 Occupation Govt Employee 34 34 Pvt. Employee 42 42 Student 24 24 Rani L, Sreedevi S R, Lekshmi P https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 67 editor@iaeme.com Monthly Income (IRS) Below 20,000 42 42 20,000-50,000 18 18 50,000-1,00,000 16 16 Above 1,00,000 24 24 Area of Residence Urban 46 46 Semi 30 30 Rural 24 24 Table 1 presents the demographic distribution of the 100 survey respondents. Females constituted 58%, indicating a higher level of female engagement, possibly due to increased interest or accessibility in EV-related topics. Age-wise, 64% of participants were aged 18–25, reflecting a youthful demographic more open to sustainable and technologically advanced transportation. Employment data shows that private sector employees made up the largest group (42%), followed by students (34%) and government employees (24%). This may suggest that
EARLIER¶115-119
those with multiple modes of transport. Notably, no respondents reported usage above 1500 km, which implies that long-distance travel is not yet common among EV users, possibly due to range limitations or charging infrastructure constraints. 8.6. Problems and challenges (i). Issue on charging EV Table 5 Issues while charging EV Issues Percentage Lack of charging stations 72 Inconsistent charging speeds 34 Broken or out-of-order chargers 6 Long waiting times 56 Charging cost variability 8 Table 5 shows that Lack of Charging Stations (72%) is the most common issue, affecting nearly three-quarters of respondents. It highlights that there is Inadequate charging Suresh Kumar K, Vinod G https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 20 editor@iaeme.com range anxiety. As the case of Long Waiting Times, over half of users reported excessive waiting management which undermines the efficiency and convenience that EVs promise. (ii). Maintenance issues with EV Table 6 Maintenance issues with EV Issues Percentage Software updates 44 Battery issues 54 Tire wear 14 General maintenance (e.g., brakes/fluids) 34
LATER¶111-115
(EVs) to others, while 60% are uncertain and chose "Maybe". Only 4% of users said they would not recommend EVs. This suggests that while a good number of users are positive, a majority still have hesitations, highlighting the need for improvements in certain areas to boost user confidence. 8.5.4. Perceptions regarding Issues on Charging. Table 7 shows that Lack of Charging Stations (72%) is the most common issue, affecting nearly three-quarters of respondents. It highlights that there is Inadequate charging range anxiety. As the case of Long Waiting Times, over half of users reported excessive waiting Electric Vehicles in India: Bridging the Gap Between Expectations and Experience https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 72 editor@iaeme.com times at charging points, which could result from too few chargers relative to the number of
EARLIER¶116-120
to range limitations or charging infrastructure constraints. 8.6. Problems and challenges (i). Issue on charging EV Table 5 Issues while charging EV Issues Percentage Lack of charging stations 72 Inconsistent charging speeds 34 Broken or out-of-order chargers 6 Long waiting times 56 Charging cost variability 8 Table 5 shows that Lack of Charging Stations (72%) is the most common issue, affecting nearly three-quarters of respondents. It highlights that there is Inadequate charging Suresh Kumar K, Vinod G https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 20 editor@iaeme.com range anxiety. As the case of Long Waiting Times, over half of users reported excessive waiting management which undermines the efficiency and convenience that EVs promise. (ii). Maintenance issues with EV Table 6 Maintenance issues with EV Issues Percentage Software updates 44 Battery issues 54 Tire wear 14 General maintenance (e.g., brakes/fluids) 34 The problems related to the maintenance of EVs is depicted in table 6. Battery-related problems are the most frequently reported maintenance issue. This reflects user concerns about
LATER¶112-116
still have hesitations, highlighting the need for improvements in certain areas to boost user confidence. 8.5.4. Perceptions regarding Issues on Charging. Table 7 shows that Lack of Charging Stations (72%) is the most common issue, affecting nearly three-quarters of respondents. It highlights that there is Inadequate charging range anxiety. As the case of Long Waiting Times, over half of users reported excessive waiting Electric Vehicles in India: Bridging the Gap Between Expectations and Experience https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 72 editor@iaeme.com times at charging points, which could result from too few chargers relative to the number of EVs, Slow charging speeds, leading to backlogs and lack of reservation systems or queue management which undermines the efficiency and convenience that EVs promise.
EARLIER¶117-121
Table 5 shows that Lack of Charging Stations (72%) is the most common issue, affecting nearly three-quarters of respondents. It highlights that there is Inadequate charging Suresh Kumar K, Vinod G https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 20 editor@iaeme.com range anxiety. As the case of Long Waiting Times, over half of users reported excessive waiting management which undermines the efficiency and convenience that EVs promise. (ii). Maintenance issues with EV Table 6 Maintenance issues with EV Issues Percentage Software updates 44 Battery issues 54 Tire wear 14 General maintenance (e.g., brakes/fluids) 34 The problems related to the maintenance of EVs is depicted in table 6. Battery-related problems are the most frequently reported maintenance issue. This reflects user concerns about Battery degradation over time, Charging inconsistencies, Range fluctuations and High replacement costs. Since the battery is the most expensive and critical component of an EV,
LATER¶114-118
range anxiety. As the case of Long Waiting Times, over half of users reported excessive waiting Electric Vehicles in India: Bridging the Gap Between Expectations and Experience https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 72 editor@iaeme.com times at charging points, which could result from too few chargers relative to the number of EVs, Slow charging speeds, leading to backlogs and lack of reservation systems or queue management which undermines the efficiency and convenience that EVs promise. 9. Observations and Findings 9.1. Demographic Features of Sample Gender Distribution • Female respondents dominate the sample (58%), indicating growing female interest and influence in EV purchasing decisions, a shift from traditional male dominance in automotive sectors. Age Group: • Majority (64%) are young adults (18–25), showing strong interest among younger,
EARLIER¶132-137
proprietary technologies that require brand-specific service. Limited Availability of Spare Parts is a major issue reported by 36% of respondents. A substantial number of users report difficulty accessing replacement parts, indicating supply chain issues or inadequate distribution networks. This also contributes to repair delays and higher costs. 9. Observations and Findings 9.1. About Demographic • Gender Distribution: Female respondents dominate the sample (58%), indicating growing female interest and influence in EV purchasing decisions, a shift from traditional male dominance in automotive sectors. • Age Group: Majority (64%) are young adults (18–25), showing strong interest among younger, environmentally conscious, and tech-savvy consumers. Middle-aged respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. • Occupational Profile: Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and
LATER¶115-120
https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 72 editor@iaeme.com times at charging points, which could result from too few chargers relative to the number of EVs, Slow charging speeds, leading to backlogs and lack of reservation systems or queue management which undermines the efficiency and convenience that EVs promise. 9. Observations and Findings 9.1. Demographic Features of Sample Gender Distribution • Female respondents dominate the sample (58%), indicating growing female interest and influence in EV purchasing decisions, a shift from traditional male dominance in automotive sectors. Age Group: • Majority (64%) are young adults (18–25), showing strong interest among younger, environmentally conscious, and tech-savvy consumers. • Middle-aged respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. Occupational Profile: • Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. • Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income
EARLIER¶133-137
accessing replacement parts, indicating supply chain issues or inadequate distribution networks. This also contributes to repair delays and higher costs. 9. Observations and Findings 9.1. About Demographic • Gender Distribution: Female respondents dominate the sample (58%), indicating growing female interest and influence in EV purchasing decisions, a shift from traditional male dominance in automotive sectors. • Age Group: Majority (64%) are young adults (18–25), showing strong interest among younger, environmentally conscious, and tech-savvy consumers. Middle-aged respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. • Occupational Profile: Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and
LATER¶116-121
EVs, Slow charging speeds, leading to backlogs and lack of reservation systems or queue management which undermines the efficiency and convenience that EVs promise. 9. Observations and Findings 9.1. Demographic Features of Sample Gender Distribution • Female respondents dominate the sample (58%), indicating growing female interest and influence in EV purchasing decisions, a shift from traditional male dominance in automotive sectors. Age Group: • Majority (64%) are young adults (18–25), showing strong interest among younger, environmentally conscious, and tech-savvy consumers. • Middle-aged respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. Occupational Profile: • Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. • Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Income Levels: • 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low- income segment. • 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers.
EARLIER¶133-138
accessing replacement parts, indicating supply chain issues or inadequate distribution networks. This also contributes to repair delays and higher costs. 9. Observations and Findings 9.1. About Demographic • Gender Distribution: Female respondents dominate the sample (58%), indicating growing female interest and influence in EV purchasing decisions, a shift from traditional male dominance in automotive sectors. • Age Group: Majority (64%) are young adults (18–25), showing strong interest among younger, environmentally conscious, and tech-savvy consumers. Middle-aged respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. • Occupational Profile: Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Suresh Kumar K, Vinod G https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 22 editor@iaeme.com • Income Levels: 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a
LATER¶117-121
9. Observations and Findings 9.1. Demographic Features of Sample Gender Distribution • Female respondents dominate the sample (58%), indicating growing female interest and influence in EV purchasing decisions, a shift from traditional male dominance in automotive sectors. Age Group: • Majority (64%) are young adults (18–25), showing strong interest among younger, environmentally conscious, and tech-savvy consumers. • Middle-aged respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. Occupational Profile: • Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. • Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Income Levels: • 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low- income segment. • 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers.
EARLIER¶134-139
9. Observations and Findings 9.1. About Demographic • Gender Distribution: Female respondents dominate the sample (58%), indicating growing female interest and influence in EV purchasing decisions, a shift from traditional male dominance in automotive sectors. • Age Group: Majority (64%) are young adults (18–25), showing strong interest among younger, environmentally conscious, and tech-savvy consumers. Middle-aged respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. • Occupational Profile: Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Suresh Kumar K, Vinod G https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 22 editor@iaeme.com • Income Levels: 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low-income segment. 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers. Income disparity suggests affordability is a key factor for
LATER¶118-122
and influence in EV purchasing decisions, a shift from traditional male dominance in automotive sectors. Age Group: • Majority (64%) are young adults (18–25), showing strong interest among younger, environmentally conscious, and tech-savvy consumers. • Middle-aged respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. Occupational Profile: • Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. • Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Income Levels: • 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low- income segment. • 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers. • Income disparity suggests affordability is a key factor for many potential buyers. Location: • Urban residents dominate (46%), followed by semi-urban (30%) and rural (24%).
EARLIER¶135-140
traditional male dominance in automotive sectors. • Age Group: Majority (64%) are young adults (18–25), showing strong interest among younger, environmentally conscious, and tech-savvy consumers. Middle-aged respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. • Occupational Profile: Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Suresh Kumar K, Vinod G https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 22 editor@iaeme.com • Income Levels: 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low-income segment. 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers. Income disparity suggests affordability is a key factor for many potential buyers. • Location: Urban residents dominate (46%), followed by semi-urban (30%) and rural (24%). This suggests greater EV awareness and infrastructure in cities, with rural
LATER¶118-123
and influence in EV purchasing decisions, a shift from traditional male dominance in automotive sectors. Age Group: • Majority (64%) are young adults (18–25), showing strong interest among younger, environmentally conscious, and tech-savvy consumers. • Middle-aged respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. Occupational Profile: • Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. • Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Income Levels: • 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low- income segment. • 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers. • Income disparity suggests affordability is a key factor for many potential buyers. Location: • Urban residents dominate (46%), followed by semi-urban (30%) and rural (24%). This suggests greater EV awareness and infrastructure in cities, with rural areas lagging behind. 9.2. Environmental Perception: A significant majority (82%) of respondents view electric vehicles as environmentally
EARLIER¶136-141
respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. • Occupational Profile: Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Suresh Kumar K, Vinod G https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 22 editor@iaeme.com • Income Levels: 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low-income segment. 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers. Income disparity suggests affordability is a key factor for many potential buyers. • Location: Urban residents dominate (46%), followed by semi-urban (30%) and rural (24%). This suggests greater EV awareness and infrastructure in cities, with rural areas lagging. 9.2. About EV Brands Preference: Ola leads the market with 50% share, reflecting success in affordability, technology, and urban appeal. TVS (16%) and Tata Nexon (14%) follow, showing
LATER¶119-123
environmentally conscious, and tech-savvy consumers. • Middle-aged respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. Occupational Profile: • Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. • Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Income Levels: • 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low- income segment. • 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers. • Income disparity suggests affordability is a key factor for many potential buyers. Location: • Urban residents dominate (46%), followed by semi-urban (30%) and rural (24%). This suggests greater EV awareness and infrastructure in cities, with rural areas lagging behind. 9.2. Environmental Perception: A significant majority (82%) of respondents view electric vehicles as environmentally
EARLIER¶137-141
due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Suresh Kumar K, Vinod G https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 22 editor@iaeme.com • Income Levels: 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low-income segment. 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers. Income disparity suggests affordability is a key factor for many potential buyers. • Location: Urban residents dominate (46%), followed by semi-urban (30%) and rural (24%). This suggests greater EV awareness and infrastructure in cities, with rural areas lagging. 9.2. About EV Brands Preference: Ola leads the market with 50% share, reflecting success in affordability, technology, and urban appeal. TVS (16%) and Tata Nexon (14%) follow, showing
LATER¶119-123
environmentally conscious, and tech-savvy consumers. • Middle-aged respondents make up 26%, indicating moderate interest in older demographics. Occupational Profile: • Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. • Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Income Levels: • 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low- income segment. • 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers. • Income disparity suggests affordability is a key factor for many potential buyers. Location: • Urban residents dominate (46%), followed by semi-urban (30%) and rural (24%). This suggests greater EV awareness and infrastructure in cities, with rural areas lagging behind. 9.2. Environmental Perception: A significant majority (82%) of respondents view electric vehicles as environmentally
EARLIER¶137-142
due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Suresh Kumar K, Vinod G https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 22 editor@iaeme.com • Income Levels: 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low-income segment. 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers. Income disparity suggests affordability is a key factor for many potential buyers. • Location: Urban residents dominate (46%), followed by semi-urban (30%) and rural (24%). This suggests greater EV awareness and infrastructure in cities, with rural areas lagging. 9.2. About EV Brands Preference: Ola leads the market with 50% share, reflecting success in affordability, technology, and urban appeal. TVS (16%) and Tata Nexon (14%) follow, showing demand for established brands and a mix of two-wheelers and cars. Smaller shares for Ather, BYD, and Ninety-One indicate a diversifying market. 9.3. About Cost of EVs: Majority (72%) own mid-range EVs priced ₹1–5 lakh, mostly
LATER¶120-124
• Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. • Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Income Levels: • 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low- income segment. • 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers. • Income disparity suggests affordability is a key factor for many potential buyers. Location: • Urban residents dominate (46%), followed by semi-urban (30%) and rural (24%). This suggests greater EV awareness and infrastructure in cities, with rural areas lagging behind. 9.2. Environmental Perception: A significant majority (82%) of respondents view electric vehicles as environmentally friendly, highlighting strong awareness of the ecological benefits associated with EV adoption. Rani L, Sreedevi S R, Lekshmi P https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 73 editor@iaeme.com
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interest levels. Suresh Kumar K, Vinod G https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 22 editor@iaeme.com • Income Levels: 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low-income segment. 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers. Income disparity suggests affordability is a key factor for many potential buyers. • Location: Urban residents dominate (46%), followed by semi-urban (30%) and rural (24%). This suggests greater EV awareness and infrastructure in cities, with rural areas lagging. 9.2. About EV Brands Preference: Ola leads the market with 50% share, reflecting success in affordability, technology, and urban appeal. TVS (16%) and Tata Nexon (14%) follow, showing demand for established brands and a mix of two-wheelers and cars. Smaller shares for Ather, BYD, and Ninety-One indicate a diversifying market. 9.3. About Cost of EVs: Majority (72%) own mid-range EVs priced ₹1–5 lakh, mostly affordable two-wheelers or compact cars. Premium EVs above ₹10 lakh represent 16%, showing niche high-end market. Very low-cost EVs (< ₹1 lakh) are rare (5%), likely due to
LATER¶120-125
• Private sector employees form the largest group (42%), likely due to stable incomes and financial independence enabling EV purchase. • Students (34%) and government employees (24%) follow, reflecting mixed income and interest levels. Income Levels: • 42% of respondents earn below ₹20,000 monthly, highlighting a significant low- income segment. • 24% earn over ₹100,000, indicating presence of high-income EV buyers. • Income disparity suggests affordability is a key factor for many potential buyers. Location: • Urban residents dominate (46%), followed by semi-urban (30%) and rural (24%). This suggests greater EV awareness and infrastructure in cities, with rural areas lagging behind. 9.2. Environmental Perception: A significant majority (82%) of respondents view electric vehicles as environmentally friendly, highlighting strong awareness of the ecological benefits associated with EV adoption. Rani L, Sreedevi S R, Lekshmi P https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 73 editor@iaeme.com This finding suggests that environmental consciousness is a major positive driver in shaping public attitudes toward EVs. 9.3. Cost-Effectiveness: Half of participants perceive EVs to be cost-effective in the long run, indicating that while
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(xi). Improve Spare Parts Availability and Reduce Costs: Establishing a reliable supply chain for spare parts will ensure timely repairs. Incentives for local manufacturing of EV components could reduce costs. Transparent pricing and standardized service packages might also help in reducing the overall maintenance cost burden on users. 11. Conclusion The survey highlights strong interest in electric vehicles (EVs), particularly among younger, urban, and female consumers. However, challenges like limited charging infrastructure, long charging times, high upfront costs, and maintenance concerns persist. Environmental and cost-saving benefits are key motivators, though issues like battery range and service availability remain. For customers, it’s essential to consider long-term benefits, take advantage of government incentives, and prioritize reliable after-sales support. Engaging with the EV community and testing models can lead to more informed choices. Dealers and manufacturers must focus on improving infrastructure, expanding service networks, and addressing customer concerns about charging and maintenance. Innovations in battery performance and charging speed will be key to making EVs more affordable and efficient. In https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 25 editor@iaeme.com transition to sustainable transportation. Continued efforts from all stakeholders will shape the
LATER¶168-176
8. Promote pricing awareness to encourage more predictable usage costs. Implement unified or capped tariffs to reduce cost variability. 9. Focus on Maintenance and After-Sales Service. In this connection, Increase transparency about maintenance requirements and costs to better manage user expectations. Train and expand skilled technician networks to improve service quality and reduce waiting times. Improve customer support responsiveness and communication to elevate the user experience. CONCLUSION The survey highlights strong interest in electric vehicles (EVs), particularly among younger, urban, and female consumers. However, challenges like limited charging infrastructure, long charging times, high upfront costs, and maintenance concerns persist. Environmental and cost-saving benefits are key motivators, though issues like battery range and service availability remain. For customers, it’s essential to consider long-term benefits, take advantage of government incentives, and prioritize reliable after-sales support. Engaging with the EV community and testing models can lead to more informed choices. Dealers and manufacturers must focus on improving infrastructure, expanding service networks, and Rani L, Sreedevi S R, Lekshmi P https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 77 editor@iaeme.com addressing customer concerns about charging and maintenance. Innovations in battery performance and charging speed will be key to making EVs more affordable and efficient. In conclusion, while EV adoption is growing, overcoming these barriers will accelerate the transition to sustainable transportation. Continued efforts from all stakeholders will shape the
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service availability remain. For customers, it’s essential to consider long-term benefits, take advantage of government incentives, and prioritize reliable after-sales support. Engaging with the EV community and testing models can lead to more informed choices. Dealers and manufacturers must focus on improving infrastructure, expanding service networks, and addressing customer concerns about charging and maintenance. Innovations in battery performance and charging speed will be key to making EVs more affordable and efficient. In https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 25 editor@iaeme.com transition to sustainable transportation. Continued efforts from all stakeholders will shape the
LATER¶173-176
advantage of government incentives, and prioritize reliable after-sales support. Engaging with the EV community and testing models can lead to more informed choices. Dealers and manufacturers must focus on improving infrastructure, expanding service networks, and Rani L, Sreedevi S R, Lekshmi P https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 77 editor@iaeme.com addressing customer concerns about charging and maintenance. Innovations in battery performance and charging speed will be key to making EVs more affordable and efficient. In conclusion, while EV adoption is growing, overcoming these barriers will accelerate the transition to sustainable transportation. Continued efforts from all stakeholders will shape the
EARLIER¶175-177
the EV community and testing models can lead to more informed choices. Dealers and manufacturers must focus on improving infrastructure, expanding service networks, and addressing customer concerns about charging and maintenance. Innovations in battery performance and charging speed will be key to making EVs more affordable and efficient. In https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCBS 25 editor@iaeme.com transition to sustainable transportation. Continued efforts from all stakeholders will shape the
LATER¶174-176
manufacturers must focus on improving infrastructure, expanding service networks, and Rani L, Sreedevi S R, Lekshmi P https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJMHRM 77 editor@iaeme.com addressing customer concerns about charging and maintenance. Innovations in battery performance and charging speed will be key to making EVs more affordable and efficient. In conclusion, while EV adoption is growing, overcoming these barriers will accelerate the transition to sustainable transportation. Continued efforts from all stakeholders will shape the